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做Linux系统底层的测试，有时候需要关注BIOS的信息（包括基本信息、检测到的CPU和内存等）。除了在开机启动时进入到BIOS之外，还可以在Linux系统中直接查看BIOS的信息，一般可以使用dmidecode命令（还有biosdecode命令可参考）；另外，在Windows中可以使用“DMIScope”软件（收费软件，笔者未使用过）来查看和修改BIOS。
SMBIOS (System Management BIOS)是主板或系统制造者以标准格式显示产品管理信息所需遵循的统一规范。
DMI (Desktop Management Interface, DMI)就是帮助收集电脑系统信息的管理系统，DMI信息的收集必须在严格遵照SMBIOS规范的前提下进行。 SMBIOS和DMI是由行业指导机构Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF)起草的开放性的技术标准；不过DMTF宣布DMI的生命期在2005年结束了。使用dmidecode命令时，如果不加任何参数，则打印出所有类型的信息；而加上“-t type_num”或者“-t keywords”可以查看某个类型信息。
dmidecodedmidecode -t 1dmidecode -t system
详细请参见
SMBIOS specification 2.7.1 中定义了如下的结构类型：| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | BIOS Information |
| 1 | System Information |
| 2 | Baseboard (or Module) Information |
| 3 | System Enclosure or Chassis |
| 4 | Processor Information |
| 5 | Memory Controller Information (Obsolete) |
| 6 | Memory Module Information (Obsolete) |
| 7 | Cache Information |
| 8 | Port Connector Information |
| 9 | System Slots |
| 10 | On Board Devices Information |
| 11 | OEM Strings |
| 12 | System Configuration Options |
| 13 | BIOS Language Information |
| 14 | Group Associations |
| 15 | System Event Log |
| 16 | Physical Memory Array |
| 17 | Memory Device |
| 18 | 32-Bit Memory Error Information |
| 19 | Memory Array Mapped Address |
| 20 | Memory Device Mapped Address |
| 21 | Built-in Pointing Device |
| 22 | Portable Battery |
| 23 | System Reset |
| 24 | Hardware Security |
| 25 | System Power Controls |
| 26 | Voltage Probe |
| 27 | Cooling Device |
| 28 | Temperature Probe |
| 29 | Electrical Current Probe |
| 30 | Out-of-Band Remote Access |
| 31 | Boot Integrity Services (BIS) Entry Point |
| 32 | System Boot Information |
| 33 | 64-Bit Memory Error Information |
| 34 | Management Device |
| 35 | Management Device Component |
| 36 | Management Device Threshold Data |
| 37 | Memory Channel |
| 38 | IPMI Device Information |
| 39 | System Power Supply |
| 40 | Additional Information |
| 41 | Onboard Devices Extended Information |
| 42 | Management Controller Host Interface |
| 126 | Inactive |
| 127 | End-of-Table |
| 128-255 | Available for system- and OEM- specific information |
参考资料：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_BIOS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_Management_Interface
http://www.joecen.com/2007/04/19/view-bios-operating-system-in-the-dmi-smbios-information/
转载地址：http://yqyob.baihongyu.com/